Grading Spec

PSA Grading Standards, Qualifiers & Record Sales Explained

A PSA 10 can sell for six figures. A PSA 9 on the same card might not clear four. The gap is not luck. It is the 1–10 scale, Qualifier codes, and centering rules buyers already use at checkout.

14 min · Updated 2026-07-12

PSA grades are the checkout language

PSA (Professional Sports Authenticator), founded by David Hall in 1991, is one of the world's largest third-party card grading companies. According to PSA's About page, PSA has certified over 65 million items since 1991. That figure is company-published marketing copy, not a live submission counter.

For collectors and investors, a PSA grade is the shared condition language: higher numbers mean sharper corners, cleaner surfaces, and better centering closer to factory state.

PSA 1–10 Grade Scale

PSA scores five factors together. Grade 1 is very poor; Grade 10 Gem Mint is near-perfect. The table below lists each official designation and core visual requirements.

Grade / Code	Designation	Core Requirements
PSA 10 (GM-MT)	Gem Mint	Sharp corners, no stains, strong print gloss; only tiny flaws under magnification. Front centering ≤55/45, back ≤75/25.
PSA 9 (MINT)	Mint	Excellent condition with only very minor, unobtrusive factory flaws or slight symmetry deviation.
PSA 8 (NM-MT)	Near Mint-Mint	Strong eye appeal; close inspection may reveal slight corner wear or minor print flaws.
PSA 7 (NM)	Near Mint	Light surface wear, edge whitening, or faint wax lines possible; card body remains sound.
PSA 6 (EX-MT)	Excellent-Mint	More visible flaws such as light surface scratches or edge wear.
PSA 5 (EX)	Excellent	Slightly rounded corners, reduced gloss, or light print lines.
PSA 4 (VG-EX)	Very Good-Excellent	Clearer wear; possible light creases or surface staining.
PSA 3 (VG)	Very Good	Obvious creases or scuffs; significant corner rounding.
PSA 2 (GOOD)	Good	Heavy edge and surface wear; gloss gone; deeper creases.
PSA 1.5 / 1 (FR/PR)	Fair / Poor	Severe staining, tears, writing, tampering, or water damage.

PSA Qualifier Codes

A card may meet a numeric grade overall but carry a Qualifier when one major flaw is present, shown as "PSA 8 OC" on the label. Many collectors prefer NQ (No Qualifier) grades for cleaner interpretation.

Record PSA 10 Sales

PSA 10 Gem Mint signals extreme scarcity plus authentication, top grades at auction often command order-of-magnitude premiums. Three public sales illustrate how the market prices perfection.

Record sales involve globally tiny PSA 10 populations. On mainstream hot cards, PSA 10 vs PSA 9 spreads can still be multiples, screen raw copies before submitting. See raw to protected slab workflow.

Read the grade before you pay

PSA 1–10 and Qualifiers are the market's shared vocabulary. Cross-check the scale and centering thresholds before submitting; verify cert numbers and slab authenticity before buying.

01Should I grade before auction?

Usually yes. A PSA label backs authenticity and condition, reduces buyer doubt, and often draws more bidders at higher final prices. Skip if condition likely caps below PSA 8 or raw value cannot cover grading fees.

02Do low-grade rare cards still hold value?

Yes, rarity often beats condition. In early 2025, a heavily worn Unlimited Black Lotus with suspected ink touch-up on whitening still sold for about £5,200 at auction.

03How are PSA grading fees calculated?

Fees depend on service tier and declared value; bulk tiers exist for large submissions. Check psacard.com/services for current pricing and turnaround.

04How do I verify my PSA slab after grading?

Enter the certification number at psacard.com/cert and confirm photos, grade, and card details match the slab. Cross-check with UV blacklight, label era, and shell feel.

05Can I regrade if I think the score is too low?

Yes, submit for Regrade. Outcomes can be higher, unchanged, or lower.

Measure centering before you submit

Upload a scan or seller photo and compare front/back percentages against PSA 10 thresholds before paying grading fees.

Free centering tool PSA submission (HK)